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NEW LEAD REGULATIONS - WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

RISK REDUCTION GUIDE FOR REALTORS
RIAR Legal Department
July 12, 2005 (revised August 23, 2005)

Do you list, buy, manage, own or lease residential rental property that was built before 1978?

A major new lead law will go into effective on November 1, 2005. This law requires owners of most pre-1978 rental property to comply with new education, inspection, and mitigation requirements. The law is triggered by tenant turnover of a unit or the tenancy of a child under six or pregnant woman (“at risk” tenants); therefore, most landlords will not be required to bring all of their rental units into compliance by this date. The law was recently amended to exempt certain types of properties.

Protect yourself and your clients by making sure that you understand the basics of this new law.

To read the latest version of this law, click here:
http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/BillText/BillText05/SenateText05/S1174B.pdf

 

1. Mandatory Lead Class for REALTORS and Landlords
andlords who own pre-1978 rental property and are not exempt from the lead law must complete a three-hour Lead Hazard Awareness seminar or designate a friend, family member, property manager, etc. to take it on their behalf. A recent change to the lead law will allow landlords to view a DVD or take an on-line class once these have been developed by the RI Housing Resources Commission. Landlords who plan to do work on their properties may prefer to take an eight-hour Lead Renovator/Lead Remodeler class instead of the three-hour class. For a list of schools that offer these classes, go to
http://www.hrc.ri.gov/mitigation.html#license or telephone HRC (800) 570-0768.

The lead law requires all real estate licensees – including those who are grandfathered – to complete a three-hour lead class that has been approved by the Department of Business Regulation by April 30, 2006, the deadline for license renewal. If you own rental property yourself, this class can also be used to fulfill the education requirement for landlords. The eight-hour class can also be used to fulfill this requirement. If you have questions about this requirement for real estate licensees, contact DBR at 222-2255. If you plan to use this class for continuing education credit, make sure that the school is licensed by DBR.

2. Exemptions/Changes to the Lead Law:
Here are some highlights of the amendments to this law that were approved in early July, 2005. These changes are also discussed on the Housing Resources Commission web http://www.hrc.ri.gov/mitigation.html#faq. You may wish to encourage clients and customers to refer to this web site or to contact HRC Landlord Assistance at (800) 570-0768.

  • Exempts owner-occupied two and three-family properties and certain senior housing from the lead law.
  • Support a variance process for financial hardship and weather conditions.
  • Exempts condominium common areas
  • Provides technical assistance for landlords and also help for owners of historic property
  • Lengthens the period of time in which landlords hire a lead inspector to perform a repeat lead inspection performed from one year to every two years or upon tenant turnover, whichever is longer.
  • Protects legal tenants only – not guests or friends who move into a unit without the landlord’s knowledge or permission.
  • Exempts vacation rentals of 100 days or less
  • Eliminates mandatory prison sentences.
  • Will go into effect on November 1, 2005.


3. Transfer Issues

The lead regulations allow a rental property to be sold even if the property is not in compliance with inspection or mitigation standards. A buyer may ask the seller to provide a Certificate of Compliance (also called a Certificate of Conformance) as part of the negotiation process, just as the buyer might ask the seller to repair a roof, reduce the price of a home, or give the buyer a credit at closing. A seller is free to refuse. Keep in mind that 80% of the housing stock in Rhode Island is built before 1978 and is likely to contain lead paint.

If property that does not have a Certificate of Compliance is transferred, the new owner has sixty (60) days from the date of transfer to bring the property into compliance if there is a child under six or pregnant woman is living in the property and must have a visual inspection performed within thirty (30) business days after transfer. Otherwise, the owner need not bring a rental unit into compliance until tenant turnover occurs.

4. Seller/Agent Disclosure Requirements for Buyers

The new lead notification requirements are similar to the existing federal and state regulations.

The seller (or listing agent) must provide a prospective buyer with the following:

  • Seller’s Lead Disclosure form (available to REALTORS at no charge on Transit, RIAR’s on-line forms program - http://www.rirealtors.org/)
  • Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home” pamphlet with RI section http://www.health.ri.gov/lead/family/Protect%20Your%20Family.pdf
  • HRC Fact Sheet for “New Owners” or for “Owners of Ten or More Properties” http://www.hrc.ri.gov/mitigation.html#f_sheets
    NOTE: As of August 23, 2005, the HRC has not updated these fact sheets to change the effective date of the law to November 1, 2005 or to include the recent exemptions and changes to the lead. When in doubt, have clients contact the HRC at (800) 570-0768.
  • Copy of most recent inspection reports and records (if available)


5. Landlord/Agent Disclosure Requirements for Tenants

The new lead notification requirements are similar to the existing federal and state regulations. A landlord and/or rental agent must provide a prospective tenant with the following:

  • Lessor’s Lead Disclosure form (available to REALTORS at no charge on Transit, RIAR’s on-line forms program - http://www.rirealtors.org/)
  • Protect Your Family from Lead in Your Home” pamphlet with RI section http://www.health.ri.gov/lead/family/Protect%20Your%20Family.pdf
  • HRC Fact Sheet for “Tenant Rights and Responsibilities” http://www.hrc.ri.gov/mitigation.html#f_sheets
    NOTE: As of August 23, 2005, the HRC has not updated these fact sheets to change the effective date of the law to November 1, 2005 or to include the recent exemptions and changes to the lead. When in doubt, have clients contact the HRC at (800) 570-0768.
  • HRC Frequently Asked Questions. This document contains a series of questions and answers about the lead law that was updated on August 22, 2005. You may wish to encourage clients and customers to refer to this web site or to contact HRC Landlord Assistance at (800) 570-0768.
    http://www.hrc.ri.gov/faq/mitigation_faq.html
  • Copy of most recent inspection reports and records (if available)
  • Name, address, and telephone number of a contact person to whom tenants can report problems with lead


6. Lead Inspections

A buyer has a legal right to have a period of ten days in which to have a lead inspection conducted within ten days. A seller cannot refuse to allow this inspection but the parties can agree to a shorter period of time.

Be careful when referring or arranging for inspectors. While anyone who has completed a three-hour class approved by the Housing Resources Commission may perform a visual inspection, only Environmental Lead Inspectors and Environmental Lead Inspector Technicians who are licensed by the RI Department of Health (DOH) can perform an Independent Clearance Inspection. You can refer buyers and/or landlords to this web site for a list of licensed lead inspectors: http://lead.health.ri.gov/list/leadlicense.php?type=mit

Buyers and owners need to know what type of lead inspection to request. The vast majority of rental property was built before 1978. Most buyers who wish to have a lead inspection should request a Conformance or Independent Clearance Inspection, which typically range from $100 - $175 per unit. A Comprehensive Lead Inspection can cost considerably more money.

Landlords who intend to gut and rehab their properties in order to meet more stringent Lead Safe standards may choose to request a Comprehensive Lead Inspection instead of the Conformance or Independent Clearance Inspection standards


7. Lead Mitigation

The new lead law requires affected landlords to obtain a Certificate of Conformance for each rental unit at the time of the first tenant turnover after November 1, 2005 or if a child under six or pregnant woman is living in the unit. The Certificate means that the rental unit meets mitigation standards. There are two higher standards that a landlord can voluntarily choose to meet: lead safe and lead free.

According to the HRC, “A Lead Safe Certificate is issued by the Rhode Island Department of Health once a property has undergone a Comprehensive Inspection and all lead hazards are abated. A Lead Free Certificate is issued by the Rhode Island Department of Health to properties that are free of lead.”

When arranging for mitigation work or referring a property owner to a mitigation contractor, keep in mind that only a licensed Lead Safe Remodeler/Renovator, who has completed an approved eight-hour class, or a Lead Hazard Reduction Contractor, who has completed even more intensive training, can perform full-scale lead mitigation work.
Landlords who have completed this class can do this work on their own properties, while landlords who have completed the three-hour class are limited to performing spot repairs.

When an inspector issues a Certificate of Conformance, the owner will need to periodically have the unit reinspected.

Only a Lead Hazard Reduction Contractor can perform mitigation if a child has been poisoned in the property. Contact Donna Poissant of DOH at 222-7750 for a list of licensees or look up an individual licensee on-line at http://www.health.state.ri.us/hsr/professions/License.htm


8. Insurance Issues for Buyers and Landlords

Encourage buyers of pre-1978 rental property to begin shopping for insurance early in the process to make sure that they can obtain property/casualty insurance and separate lead coverage, if desired, at an affordable rate. This is especially important for investors who are purchasing four or more units since the pool of insurers is limited for larger properties.

If an insurer agrees to provide casualty insurance, the company must offer lead coverage if desired by the insured. This has resulted in insurers forcing property owners to obtain insurance through the state’s FAIR plan. Contact your insurance agent with questions about insurance availability and rates. If you believe that an insurer has wrongfully cancelled or refused to renew a policy, contact Mr. Boulay at the RI Department of Business Regulation at (401) 222-5465 and/or download a complaint form:
http://www.dbr.state.ri.us/pdf_forms/insur/complaint_form.PDF


9. Liability Issues for REALTORS Who Lease or Manage Rental Property

If you’re a rental agent or property manager, think carefully before accepting compensation to lease a unit which is not in compliance with the new lead regulations, particularly if there are notices of violation against the property. Although complying with the lead mitigation requirements is the owner’s responsibility – just as it is to comply with building and zoning requirements - the stakes are much higher with lead. Lead lawsuits have resulted in claims in the millions of dollars. If a child under six or pregnant woman is poisoned, and the property owner does not have lead insurance coverage, a plaintiff’s attorney could view you as the deep pocket and claim that you acted negligently by placing an at risk tenant in a non-compliant property.


10. Fair Housing Issues

Property owners, who are concerned about liability issues, may pressure you to help them avoid renting to families with children or pregnant women. Rhode Island fair housing laws prohibit discrimination based on familial status; be careful! Refer qualified, screened applicants to the landlord; let him/her make the final decision.

Landlords cannot refuse to rent to families with children or evict tenants because they have given birth to or adopted a child. The only exemptions are for owner-occupied two-families; owner-occupied three and four-family dwellings if one of the units is occupied by a senior citizen or “infirm” person for whom children would be a hardship or property set aside for senior citizens. Bear in mind that some of the properties that qualify for one of these exemptions are still legally required to comply with the new lead law – regardless of whether they rent to families with children
http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/Statutes/TITLE34/34-37/34-37-4.1.HTM .


11. Visual Inspections for a Client

Think long and hard before you agree to perform visual inspections and complete an Affidavit of Completion of Visual Inspection on behalf of a property owner. While it may make sense for a property manager to perform or arrange for this type of work on a regular basis; if you’re a rental agent or listing broker with an out-of-state client, do you want to do this type of work? In order to perform a visual inspection, you must first complete a three-hour Housing Resource Commission (HRC)-approved class. If you make a mistake, and the unit is later found to have chipping or peeling paint that results in a poisoning, both you and the owner could be held responsible. If you decide to perform these inspections, check with your insurance carrier to make certain that your liability insurance covers this type of work. Designated REALTORS – consider establishing an office policy about whether you will allow your agents to perform inspections.


12. Performing Mitigation Work for a Client

Think even longer and harder about performing mitigation work on behalf of a client. Make sure that you have liability insurance to cover your work if you plan to do this on a regular basis.

The lead regulations impose new legal requirements upon owners of pre-1978 rental property. RIAR strongly encourages you to take, at minimum, one of the three-hour lead classes to make sure that you understand these regulations.

13. Resources/Contact Information

Most of the information that you or your clients will need to know about the new lead law can be found on the Rhode Island Housing Resources Commission web site. This site contains a list of schools that offer lead classes, licensed inspectors, fact sheets, loan and grant programs, tax credits, and “Frequently Asked Questions” (FAQ’s) about the new lead law (updated on August 23, 2005). http://www.hrc.ri.gov/mitigation.html

The lead law was recently amended, so you will find that some of the information on the HRC web site is outdated. The Rhode Island Housing Resources Commission is in the process of writing new regulations to interpret these changes and to adopt fact sheets and other information on its web site. When in doubt, phone the HRC Technical Support Line at (800) 570-0768.

REALTORS may also contact the RIAR Legal Department at (401) 785-3650 x 245 or x 246 or email the Legal Hot Line. Please do not refer your customers and clients to RIAR to discuss the lead law. This service is for members only.

14. Conclusion

The recent amendments to the lead law are a step in the right direction. Debate about this controversial new law will continue during the 2006 legislative session. If you have concerns about this law or would like it to be changed contact your state elected officials. To contact the Governor, go to http://www.governor.state.ri.us/contact/. To contact your state representative and state senator, go to http://www.sec.state.ri.us/elections/findyourofficials/index.html